The Science Of Human Cloning - 843 Words

The science of human cloning is one of the most fascinating entities of the 21st-century biology. The announcement of a cloned sheep ignited an international debate in the late 1990s; two and half decades later, the debate is still very much alive (Li 1-2). The researchers at the Roslin Institute, Scotland, announced that they had fruitfully cloned an adult mammal (Caplan 1-3). The procedure used in cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. It involves the transfer of the genetic code from the cell of an adult organism into an enucleated organism egg. Over the years, the science of cloning has found widespread application including human experiments. Ethicists, theologians, scientists, physicians, legislators, and concerned citizens have intensely debated the idea cloning from multivariate viewpoints. The National Bioethics Advisory Commission has reviewed with respect to its implications. It has come up with findings that of interest in this essay, top most being the increase d potential of misuse of cloning by rogue scientists. A huge number of scientists are not necessarily interested in producing human clones; their primary goal is to use some exceedingly young embryos to obtain cloned human cells capable of curing diseases. There is no doubt that cloning provides an array medical possibilities, including transplanting of vital organs damaged during an accident. Another possible scenario would be the supposition that a person would become sick with a disease thatShow MoreRelated Human Cloning: Science or Madness? Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Cloning: Science or Madness?      Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite evidence that nearly all cloned animals are plagued by significant genetic abnormalities, two scientist groups have announced their plans to impregnate women with cloned embryos, each proposing to create the worlds first cloned human being.    Clones are created by injecting genetic material from a single cell of one person is into an egg cell that has had its genes removed. The cell is then stimulated to act like a fertilized egg andRead More The Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Essay5866 Words   |  24 PagesThe Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Human cloning, long the subject of science fiction, is today a practical reality. Recent breakthroughs, most renowned the cloning of a sheep from an adult cell in Scotland in 1997, have caused the world to acknowledge that human cloning is indeed possible. Governments around the world immediately attempted to address the issue of human cloning, with varying levels of success. At the same time the pace of cloning technology continuedRead MoreTaking a Look at Human Cloning1067 Words   |  4 Pagesin 1665 brought a huge development in science and also led to another striking discovery: copying cells; in other words, cloning. It did not take a long time for scientists to understand that the same qualified organisms could be created by using and copying cells. After the first successful mammal cloning, Dolly the sheep in 1997, science world was proud, but not satisfied yet. Curiosity and enthusiasm manipulated scientists to reach the climax of the cloning history with an astonishing, but a riskyRead MoreDifferent Views on Cloning Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesWhen people think of the word cloning they think of evil scientist in a dark laboratory’s full of dangerous and scary instruments of science for conducting experiments, when actually the word clone means, â€Å"a cell, cell product, or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which it was derived (Dictionary.com).† In the past 50 years the science community has made many discoveries such as the cures for different life threatening diseases, different techniques of approachingRead MoreThe Use Of Genetics And Reproduction Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of genetics and reproduction sciences has been an ongoing debate for years. Some argue that the use of genetics and reproduction sciences are unjust, unethical and inhumane. The other side of the debate argues that the use of such sciences is a â€Å"life saver†, that it will improve medi cal advancements, health, and society. Genetics and reproduction sciences are used for informing individuals about possible outcomes, abnormalities, and genes of current and future pregnancies. Genetic testingRead MoreCloning Pros And Cons Of Cloning1147 Words   |  5 Pages Cloning Pros Cons Nicole Hedrick Baker College HSC 402A /Dr. Eric Oestmann/Seminar Two Position/Argument Essayâ€Æ' Abstract A clone is where two organisms share the same exact DNA. These two organisms are the same identical replica of each other. In the past, cloning has taken place naturally. For instance, a couple who naturally conceived and gave birth to identical twins or triplets. Today, science and technology has been introduced to where cloning can intentionally be done. Some peopleRead MoreTaking a Look at Cloning1043 Words   |  4 Pagesusually found in older sheep. This raised the suspicion that cloning may or may not be connected with certain diseases that may be abnormal to mammals in a young stage in their life. After the successful cloning of Dolly, scientists have attempted to clone other mammals such as dogs, pigs, cows, and cats. Recent study has brought the discussion on whether or not our science is advanced enough to clone human beings. Although cloning human beings can lead to medical discoveries and breakthroughs, doesRead MoreEssay on Science I-search1613 Words   |  7 Page sScience I-search When the word scientist is mentioned, the public most commonly accepts this word in a positive sense. Scientists are known to find the cure for diseases and heal people through their research. Not until the genetic revolution have scientists been shunned and viewed as malevolent to the community. When the term genetic revolution is used, I am pertaining mainly to the issue of cloning. After the new discovery by Scottish researchers, who were responsible for creating the sheepRead MoreEssay on The Reality of Human Cloning667 Words   |  3 PagesThe Reality of Human Cloning As aptly put by Rosa Beddington, the word â€Å"clone† has become one of the most emotive of all the terms coined by scientists which have entered popular vocabulary. I shall add another, and that will be the phrase â€Å"Dolly the sheep†. The conception of Dolly, the â€Å"baby† of scientist Ian Wilmut and his team has opened the possibility of cloning humans. The mention of Dolly brings to average the person, haunting connotations of â€Å"future replicas of living megalomaniacsRead More Human Cloning Should be Permitted Essay example1371 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Cloning Should be Permitted What would you say if I told you that scientists had just developed a new procedure that could lead not only to the cure for cancer, but would provide an unlimited source of organ donors and could lead to the first effective treatment of nerve damage? Now adding on to this scenario lets say that our government was taking action to ban this new procedure because of a few myths and some loud mouthed conservatives. This scenario is true and is taking place

Larry Lasalle in the Book Heroes Essay - 998 Words

The Character Larry LaSalle in the book Heroes In the book Heroes by Robert Cormier Larry LaSalle is a mysterious and shady character who often controls the others in the book even when it would seem he was in a hopelessly weak position. However he is popular and stands out from the crowd and ran a popular youth club for teens. He was also a decorated war hero, who, like Francis Joseph Cassavant, had won a Silver Star medal for bravery. However little is known about his previous life (lives?). In chapter five, Larry LaSalle is portrayed, in stark contrast to the rest of the book, as a Good Samaritan, who helps out at the local youth club regularly an runs events such as sport tournaments and dances, often himself competing but†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"We can’t let the Japs get away with this,† he said, anger we had never seen before flashing in his eyes. As we were about to cheer his announcement he held up his hand â€Å" None of that, Kids I’m just doing what millions of others are doing.† This shows why Nicole was afraid to speak out about the things Larry LaSalle had done, any why no one would believe her anyway if she did. The many rhetorical questions in the book are placed to make you think, what would you do if you were Francis, playing a cruel mind game you cannot possibly hope ton win against Larry LaSalle â€Å"What’s on more death after the others in the villages and fields in France?† .The author, Robert Cormier uses this type of language to make you think and imagine Francis Cassavant’s impossible and unenviable position thought much of the story in their head. Larry LaSalle had a very big impact upon the plot of the story even though he was only actually in the book, other than in Francis’s head for a very short time. This is shown by the maybes at the end. â€Å"Maybe I should†¦ maybe I should†¦ maybe I should †¦Ã¢â‚¬  this. The bell very near the end of the book â€Å"the bell rings, freezing us together for a moment† is a clever device used by the author to convey three meanings all of them caused by Larry. The end of the life of Larry LaSalle, The end of Nicole’s love for Francis and the end of all the plans FrancisShow MoreRelatedNo Such Thing as a Hero in the Novel, Heroes by Robert Cormier1485 Words   |  6 Pages‘No one in the novel can actually be seen as a hero.’ To what extent do you agree? In the novel ‘Heroes’ it is shown that there is no such thing as a real hero, because everyone has a weakness, Cormier uses Larry LaSalle, Francis Cassavannt and the veterans as a way to convey this message. The protagonist Francis is portrayed as having both heroic and cowardly personality; this forces the reader to consider what makes a real hero. To some people a hero might be someone with great strength or abilityRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Heroes By Robert Cormier890 Words   |  4 Pageslive, but not want to be recognized as a hero? In the book â€Å"Heroes† by Robert Cormier, the main character, Francis Cassavant, does just that. Francis Joseph Cassavant is a shy boy with a very low esteem and a hatred for himself causing him to become a suicidal character. Francis is a young boy when he believes that he is good a nothing. He is extremely shy and won’t try any new actives. But then he meets Larry LaSalle. At the rec center Larry invites Francis to try something. Francis was scaredRead MoreHeroes Character Analysis3624 Words   |  15 PagesWho is Nicole Renard? Nicole Renard is an innocent young girl who is not only Francis’ first and only love but also the victim of Larry LaSalle. Can I critically respond to the text, ‘Heroes’? (AO1) I must generally refer to relevant aspects of Heroes I should discuss thoroughly and increasingly thoughtfully characters/relationships I could consider and suggest experimental ideas and judgements; Quotation ‘That would be nice.’ Means? When she agrees to go to the cinema with Francis she transformsRead MoreAn Outline of Heroes5501 Words   |  23 PagesHeroes – Robert Cormier Key Quotations Chapter 1 – page 1 â€Å"My name is Francis Joseph Cassavant and I have just returned to Frenchtown in Monument and the war is over and I have no face.† ï  ® Establishes the setting ï  ® Introduces narrator in first person ï  ® Surprising statement creates mystery Chapter 1 – page 1 â€Å"Oh, I have eyes†¦ but no ears to speak of, just bits of dangling flesh. But that’s fine, like Dr Abrams says†¦ He was joking, of course.† ï  ® Conversational style of address ï  ® CreatesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. JudgeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the

Cow Free Essays

Cattle (colloquially cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius. Cattle are raised as livestock for meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products, and as draft animals (oxen or bullocks) (pulling carts, plows and the like). We will write a custom essay sample on Cow or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel. In some countries, such as India, cattle are sacred. From as few as 80 progenitors domesticated in southeast Turkey about 10,500 years ago,[2] an estimated 1. 3 billion cattle are in the world today. [3] In 2009, cattle became the first livestock animal to have a fully mapped genome. [4] SpeciesMain article: Bovini Cattle were originally identified as three separate species: Bos taurus, the European or â€Å"taurine† cattle (including similar types from Africa and Asia); Bos indicus, the zebu; and the extinct Bos primigenius, the aurochs. The aurochs is ancestral to both zebu and taurine cattle. Recently, these three have increasingly been grouped as one species, with Bos primigenius taurus, Bos primigenius indicus and Bos primigenius primigenius as the subspecies. [5] Zubron, a cross between wisent and cattleComplicating the matter is the ability of cattle to interbreed with other closely related species. Hybrid individuals and even breeds exist, not only between taurine cattle and zebu (such as the sanga cattle, Bos taurus africanus), but also between one or both of these and some other members of the genus Bos – yaks (the dzo or yattle[6]), banteng, and gaur. Hybrids such as the beefalo breed can even occur between taurine cattle and either species of bison, leading some authors to consider them part of the genus Bos, as well. [7] The hybrid origin of some types may not be obvious – for example, genetic testing of the Dwarf Lulu breed, the only taurine-type cattle in Nepal, found them to be a mix of taurine cattle, zebu, and yak. [8] However, cattle cannot successfully be hybridized with more distantly related bovines such as water buffalo or African buffalo. The aurochs originally ranged throughout Europe, North Africa, and much of Asia. In historical times, its range became restricted to Europe, and the last known individual died in Masovia, Poland, in about 1627. [9] Breeders have attempted to recreate cattle of similar appearance to aurochs by crossing traditional types of domesticated cattle, creating the Heck cattle breed. Word origin†Cattle† did not originate as the term for bovine animals. It was borrowed from Old French catel, itself from Latin caput, head, and originally meant movable personal property, especially livestock of any kind, as opposed to real property (the land, which also included wild or small free-roaming animals such as chickens — they were sold as part of the land). [10] The word is closely related to â€Å"chattel† (a unit of personal property) and â€Å"capital† in the economic sense. [11][12] The term replaced earlier Old English feoh â€Å"cattle, property† (cf. German: Vieh, Gothic: faihu). The word â€Å"cow† came via Anglo-Saxon cu (plural c? ), from Common Indo-European g? ous (genitive g? wes) = â€Å"a bovine animal†, compare Persian gav, Sanskrit go, Welsh buwch. [citation needed] The genitive plural of cu is c? na, which gave the now archaic English plural of â€Å"kine†. The Scots language singular is coo or cou, and the plural is â€Å"kye†. In older English sources such as the Ki ng James Version of the Bible, â€Å"cattle† refers to livestock, as opposed to â€Å"deer† which refers to wildlife. â€Å"Wild cattle† may refer to feral cattle or to undomesticated species of the genus Bos. Today, when used without any other qualifier, the modern meaning of â€Å"cattle† is usually restricted to domesticated bovines. citation needed] Terminology Look up cattle or cow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A Hereford bullIn general, the same words are used in different parts of the world, but with minor differences in the definitions. The terminology described here contrasts the differences in definition between the United Kingdom and other British-influenced parts of world such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United States. [13] An â€Å"intact† (i. e. , not castrated) adult male is called a bull. A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a â€Å"micky† in Australia. 14] An unbranded bovine of either sex i s called a â€Å"maverick† in the USA and Canada. An adult female that has had a calf (or two, depending on regional usage) is a cow. A young female before she has had a calf of her own[15] and is under three years of age is called a heifer ( /? h? f? r/ HEF-? r). [16] A young female that has had only one calf is occasionally called a first-calf heifer. Young cattle of both sexes are called calves until they are weaned, then weaners until they are a year old in some areas; in other areas, particularly with male beef cattle, they may be known as feeder calves or simply feeders. After that, they are referred to as yearlings or stirks[17] if between one and two years of age. [18] A castrated male is called a steer in the United States; older steers are often called bullocks in other parts of the world,[19] but in North America this term refers to a young bull. Piker bullocks are micky bulls that were caught, castrated and then later lost. [14] In Australia, the term â€Å"Japanese ox† is used for grain-fed steers in the weight range of 500 to 650 kg that are destined for the Japanese meat trade. [20] In North America, draft cattle under four years old are called working steers. Improper or late castration on a bull results in it becoming a coarse steer known as a stag in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. [21] In some countries, an incompletely castrated male is known also as a rig. A castrated male (occasionally a female or in some areas a bull) kept for draft purposes is called an ox (plural oxen); â€Å"ox† may also be used to refer to some carcass products from any adult cattle, such as ox-hide, ox-blood, oxtail, or ox-liver. [16] A springer is a cow or heifer close to calving. [22] In all cattle species, a female twin of a bull usually becomes an infertile partial intersex, and is a freemartin. Neat (horned oxen, from which neatsfoot oil is derived), beef (young ox) and beefing (young animal fit for slaughtering) are obsolete terms, although poll, pollard or polled cattle are still terms in use for naturally hornless animals, or in some areas also for those that have been disbudded. Cattle raised for human consumption are called beef cattle. Within the beef cattle industry in parts of the United States, the older term beef (plural beeves) is still used to refer to an animal of either sex. Some Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and British people use the term beast, especially for single animals when the sex is unknown. 23] Cattle of certain breeds bred specifically for milk production are called milking or dairy cattle;[13] a cow kept to provide milk for one family may be called a house cow or milker. The adjective applying to cattle in general is usually bovine. The terms â€Å"bull†, â€Å"cow† and â€Å"calf† are also used by extension to denote the sex or age of other large animals, including whales, hippopotamuses, camels, elk and elephants See also: List of animal names Singular terminology issue A herd of CattleCattle can only be used in the plural and not in the singular: it is a plurale tantum. 24] Thus one may refer to â€Å"three cattle† or â€Å"some cattle†, but not â€Å"one cattle†. No universally used singular form in modern English of â€Å"cattle† exists, other than the sex- and age-specific terms such as cow, bull, steer and heifer. Historically, â€Å"ox† was not a sex-specific term for adult cattle, but generally this is now used only for draft cattle, especially adult castrated males. The term is also incorporated into the names of other species, such as the musk ox and â€Å"grunting ox† (yak), and is used in some areas to describe certain cattle products such as ox-hide and oxtail. 25] A Brahman calf†Cow† is in general use as a singular for the collectiv e â€Å"cattle†, despite the objections by those who insist it to be a female-specific term. Although the phrase â€Å"that cow is a bull† is absurd from a lexicographic standpoint, the word â€Å"cow† is easy to use when a singular is needed and the sex is unknown or irrelevant – when â€Å"there is a cow in the road†, for example. Further, any herd of fully mature cattle in or near a pasture is statistically likely to consist mostly of cows, so the term is probably accurate even in the restrictive sense. Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated as calves and slaughtered for meat before the age of three years. Thus, in a pastured herd, any calves or herd bulls usually are clearly distinguishable from the cows due to distinctively different sizes and clear anatomical differences. Merriam-Webster, a US dictionary, recognizes the sex-nonspecific use of â€Å"cow† as an alternate definition,[26] whereas Collins, a UK dictionary, does not. [27] Colloquially, more general nonspecific terms may denote cattle when a singular form is needed. Australian, New Zealand and British farmers use the term â€Å"beast† or â€Å"cattle beast†. â€Å"Bovine† is also used in Britain. The term â€Å"critter† is common in the western United States and Canada, particularly when referring to young cattle. [28] In some areas of the American South (particularly the Appalachian region), where both dairy and beef cattle are present, an individual animal was once called a â€Å"beef critter†, though that term is becoming archaic. How to cite Cow, Papers

Medicine and Health Medical

Questions: This Continuing Professional Development for the role of pharmacist Reflection: 1. What do you need to learn? 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy? 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice? 4. What have you learnt? 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist 6. What have been benefits of these activities to your learning? Answers: 1. As a pharmacist, I need to learn about Glaucoma I found that glaucoma is the second most common reason behind the blindness in worldwide and Europe is no exception. I also came to know that glaucoma could cause irreversible blindness, which means people can become blind due to glaucoma and they could never get back their eyesight again. Therefore, being a future pharmacist I need to learn details about the pathology of glaucoma. I need to learn about the level of intraocular pressure (IOP), which is directly related to the cell death of retinal ganglion. I should learn about the target age of primary open angle glaucoma. I need to understand the factors on which progress of the disease is hugely dependent. Such factors are the age of the patient when he or she is attacked by glaucoma, difference between visual function when the patient is diagnosed as well as age-matched controls. In addition, I also need to learn about closed angle glaucoma, which accounts for more than 50% of blindness in all over the world. I need to learn deta ils about the closed angle glaucoma since, it is considered as most visually destructive type of glaucoma. Apart from this, I also need to learn about the symptoms of glaucoma, such as blurring of vision, redness, pain in eye, vomiting and nausea. 2. This learning is relevant to the safe and effective practice for pharmacy The second most common reason behind the blindness is glaucoma. Therefore, I believe that it is important to learn details about glaucoma. My acquired knowledge about glaucoma is helpful to determine the differences between Open angle glaucoma and closed angle glaucoma. This knowledge is helpful to learn different diagnostics process of Open angled glaucoma and closed angle glaucoma. In addition, I came to learn about different treatment techniques used in these two types of glaucoma. This acquired knowledge in the future will help me to provide safe treatment to the patients, who are suffering from glaucoma. I learnt about the IOP-lowering drugs and its correct dosages, which are helpful to treat the patient with primary open angled glaucoma. I learnt about Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT), which helped me to enrich my knowledge about the effective pharmacy practice in the context of glaucoma. On the other hand, from EGC and NICE guideline I learnt about the minimum dosage of me dicines to treat patients with glaucoma. Therefore, my detailed knowledge about EGS and NICE guidelines helped me to provide effective and safe treatment to the glaucoma patients. My knowledge about monotherapy helps me to use minimum amount of drug to the patient to achieve the best result, which is safe for the health of a patient. If monotherapy fails to achieve the goal, then use of second drug can be proved as beneficial to help the patients. 3. This learning is useful for my future practice This learning is helpful in my future practice, since this study enables me to gather detailed knowledge about glaucoma, which is the second most reason to the blindness of people in all over the world. The detailed knowledge of diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma will be helpful to diagnose patients properly. I gathered a profound knowledge about the right doses of medicines, which will help me in future to prescribe medicine to the patients according to their needs. While understanding the medicines used to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), I came to know about many medicines that can help patients to cure from eye diseases. However, I also learnt about some drugs, which are used in treatments, but may have an adverse effect on the patients or the patients may experience side effects of those drugs. Such as Bezalkonium, this is widely used as preservative in eye-drops, but has the potentiality to damage the ocular surface. This useful piece of information ena bles me to take proper measures in future before administrating any eye-drops to the patients. I observed that most of patients with glaucoma are also suffering from ocular surface disease. Therefore, I assume my profound knowledge about the components used in medicines and its side effects will enable me in future to administer proper medicine to the patients. 4. My learning outcome I went through detail about glaucoma, which I think is an important lesson of my study to build my career as a pharmacist. From the deep research about glaucoma, I learnt that glaucoma can cause blindness, which is irreversible that means blindness caused by glaucoma cannot be cured. I learnt that there are two types of glaucoma generally occur among common people, one is open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma. The detailed knowledge of diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma is helpful to diagnose patients properly. Therefore, I learnt about the pathophysiology of this disease. I also learned about the proper diagnose system to detect glaucoma. I found that close angle glaucoma could cause more damage than open angle glaucoma. If intraocular pressure (IOP) is not dealt promptly at primary stage then it can result into close angle glaucoma. The symptoms of close angle glaucoma are, blurring of vision, redness, pain in eye, vomiting and nausea; these are consid ered as a medical emergency and require urgent medical treatment. While understanding the medicines used in glaucoma treatment, I discovered there are many drugs that can have reverse effect on eye sight and cause ocular surface disease. However, in pharmacological treatment I found several drugs that can help glaucoma patients, such as- Oral glycerol, which is used to remove the fluid from the posterior chamber and thus used in the treatment of close angle glaucoma. Use of Corticosteroids in this treatment is also proved as beneficial. Apart from this Acetazolamide (intravenously or orally, 10mg/kg), Pilocarpine (2% eye drops) can also be used in the treatment of the patient suffering from close angle glaucoma. 5. An example of how my acquired knowledge could be applied to patient care in my future role as a pharmacist From my study, I have acquired a profound knowledge about glaucoma, its diagnosis and proper treatment. As a future pharmacist, I presume that my knowledge will help me out to diagnose properly a patient with glaucoma. Glaucoma is a threatening disease to humanity since, blindness caused by glaucoma is irreversible and beyond treatment. Therefore, I think it is important to diagnose and detect glaucoma in its early stages. I think that with my acquired knowledge I will be able to detect the symptoms of glaucoma and diagnose the patient in a proper way. On the other hand, I learned in detail about the possible medications that can be administered in the patients with glaucoma. This will help me in future to administer proper medicine to the patients. I also learnt about the pharmacological treatment and dosage of medicine that can be used while administrating medicines to the patients. I followed the NICE and EGS guidelines, which in turn enabled me to apply monitherapy to the patient s at their first stage of glaucoma. According to the guideline minimum dosage of medicine need to be administered to the patients, since most of the drugs have side effects and can cause ocular surface disease. 6. The benefits of these activities in my learning While studying about glaucoma I discovered that the information about glaucoma disease is beneficial for my career since this disease is the second most reason behind blindness in all over the world. I learnt details about the diagnosis of this disease and its treatment procedure. I learnt about the symptoms of this disease, such as blurring of vision, redness, pain in eye, vomiting and nausea, which are considered as a medical emergency. I also learnt about some drugs, which are used in treatment, but may have an adverse effect on the patients or the patients may experience side effects of those drugs. Such as Bezalkonium, a preservative in eye drops can cause ocular surface disease. I gathered knowledge about the pharmacological treatment of glaucoma and I learnt that the use of Corticosteroids in this treatment is proved as beneficial. Apart from Corticosteroids, Acetazolamide (intravenously or orally, 10mg/kg), Pilocarpine (2% eye drops) can also be used in the treatment of the p atient suffering from close angle glaucoma. These details about drugs helped me to enrich my knowledge as a future pharmacist. As a pharmacist, my role is not just to administer proper medicine to the patient but help them to recover from their painful situation. Therefore I encouraged myself more to follow the NICE guideline, which helped me to enrich my knowledge about the treatment of glaucoma.

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Mans Brutality Towards Man essays

Mans Brutality Towards Man essays Mans brutality to man comes from within. It shows how selfish and how inhibited a person can be. Mans inhumanit towards man can be cause by need of power , jealousy, and Greed. All of these reasons come from within. Examples of Mans inhumanity to man that is caused by need of power are World War One when Hitler wanted to take over the world and be the leader of the world and have the power to do anything he chose to. Another example is World War Two when Hitler wanted to take over the world again , but this time he had stronger powers on his side, but still he could not prevail. Another example caused by the need of power is the Holocaust when Hitler wanted to clear Germany of non pure Aryan Germans and Jews. Examples of mans unhumanity to man that is caused by Jealousy are the terrible insidents that happen at Columbine High School back in 1999. When two students who were jealous of their class mates chose to murder and kill in cold blood. Another example of mans unhumanity to man that is caused by Jealousy is Terrorism. That was shown to us on September 11th, 2001 when 2 Boeing 747 jets were hijacked and flown in to the twin World Trade Center Buildings. Both buildings collapsed and it is believed that approximately 5,000 lives were lost. Another example of mans unhumanity to man that is caused by Jealousy is the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan is jealous of other races because they are the working force of America. And the Population of Whites are falling in Major American cities such as Los Angeles , New York and Detroit. ...

Sociology in MMORPGs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sociology in MMORPGs - Essay Example In this game players can create characters with different attributes, skills, and characteristics. They venture this world of theirs fighting creatures and gaining experience to achieve higher levels, obtain better abilities, and fight even harder monsters. True, it may sound easy, but people sit and play this game for many hours at a time. A large percentage of people who play EverQuest have admitted to playing for 10 hours straight, but you must remember that in MMORPG's people must put a large amount of time into it, otherwise people generally will get bored of the game. If people do not succeed and are always doing badly in the game you would think there would be no reason for them to play. People get addicted to these games very easily. There are plenty of great people to talk too, even though there are probably twice as many people you will not get along with. A lot of people lose sleep due to playing these games for and excessive amount of time. There are also people who have tried to quit these games, but have failed. Even though they just started to play one time, they had to continue after that. Do you think that these people just think they are addicted to the game though Some people say that they have gone through withdrawals trying to quit playing some of these games. One man even stretches to say "I get stressed when I have to go 24 hrs without logging on for a fix, and I wasn't able to quit when I tried. If that's not an addiction, I don't know what is." A game, an object, cannot be physically addicting. It is not a substance that alters a person's organs inside their bodies. Physical addictions are gone after detoxification, which is not the case in MMORPG's. These types of games are considered psychologically addicting. People sit down for hours playing these games, and they have so much fun they keep saying I just want to come back and play more. It can shortly begin to start running your life. A female and her boyfriend lived in an apartment in California living off of money they earned on e-bay, and all they did was sit and play EverQuest. The only reason they left the house was to go grocery shopping for food. After they lost their apartment everything started to crumble for her. The couple started to fight and they ended up braking up and moving back to their parent's houses. She tried to start socializing with people again after this, but she had hard times conforming back to society. When she was around more then one person at a time she got scared and anxious. Some people get addicted to Massive Multi Online Role Playing Games due to the self-esteem boost they get from being part of a group. They can actually achieve something that seems like a great thing, such as slaying a ferocious dragon, when all there doing is typing and clicking the mouse. A survey done on this very topic indicates that the more time spent playing the game the higher the persons self esteem was. Another part to this is a person with a low self-image. A person with a low self-image can go onto these games and, no matter what, have a character that looks amazing. They can act without fear of being ridiculed by complete strangers, and of consequences of their actions. Some people just have very stressful lives and need a way to escape reality. They sit and play games while the real life problems

ANCIENT ART (DB) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ANCIENT ART (DB) - Essay Example The statue exhibits a direct balance of these attributes between its right and left sides: the right planted and firm; the left bent in motion, lagging behind as it moves forward implicitly offering a further balance between "good" (the right, or dexterous, side) and evil (the left, or sinister, side). Polyclitus attempt to harmonize these features came about as the culmination of Hellenistic sculpture, for not only had the goal become to portray man as naturally (the kallos, or "beautiful) as possible, but also to capture the ideal physicality of man (the eu, or "perfect"). The Augustus of Primaporta statue models itself on the Doryphoros for that exact reason, with few exceptions: Augustus is clothed, his right arm raised and extended, and the weight of this is counterbalanced by a small cupid riding a dolphin attached to the back of the right leg. Roman sculptures during this period had continued the practice of portraying their subjects as naturally as possible however, statues o f emperors are always idealized. Augustus is always depicted in his prime - despite his living into the sixties - and this statue in particular is modeled upon Polyclitus's work as it had been recognized as the most accurate depiction of the ideal form of man. Polyclitus's work takes on the subject of man's form - not the reality, but the ideal. As such, it's image springs from the fountainhead of the artist's imagination and presumably bears no resemblance to any single individual. In contrast, the Augustus statue is most definitely intended to be modeled from and to represent the Augustus Caesar. Yet the duplication is intentional, for the sculptures are meant to capture the inner character (ethos) of the subjects rather than a emotional state (pathos). Both bear almost identical controlled calm expressions with sharply defined air brow and nose. The statue of Augustus is meant to portray its subject as the ideal man of his time; small wonder that it should model itself upon the ideal male figure of the Greeks. Greek statues were used for three main purposes: to portray deities (which represented ideals themselves), to represent the dead as grave monuments, or to cater to commissions for architectural or temple projects. Mythological representations represented mental ideals and natural subjects captured athletic ideals; Greek sculptures were never intended to portray reality. The Augustus of Primaporta was meant to portray the perfection of Augustus. The arm raised in oratorical fashion was a pre-requisite skill for any Roman politician; the cuirass (breastplate) indicates the subjects military command. The cupid is in direct reference to Augustus claim to trace his lineage back to Aeneas, while the scene on the cuirass indicates both Rome's political dominance and divine preference. Thus does Augustus portray himself as strictly adhering to Roman values and traditions to solidify his position in the popular opinion. The Doryphoros attempts to capture a particular essence of humans. The Augustus of Primaporta, conversely, has a political agenda. Augustus Caesar had been seeking to distance himself from his

What is representation and why does it matter Discuss with reference Essay

What is representation and why does it matter Discuss with reference to at least two specific examples - Essay Example It is because of the representation that every living being is able to interact in its own way in its respective species. Representation allows us not only to learn, comprehend and convey factual meanings of things in the realistic world, but also create and share new concepts, ideas, images and concepts. That is why, novel and art are recognized as the fundamental platforms of representation (Anon, n.d.). â€Å"The art of children is not a vehicle for the greatest expression of the human mind, but within its limits it offers a rare perfection of feeling and expression† (Freeman, 2011). Representation matters because things derive their meanings through this. For example, women’s seats in a country’s National Assembly represent the fact that the country equally respects the views of all people. Not all countries allow the women to voice their opinions on public forums. Representation requires a system to deliver its meaning. Like in the above example, representation of women was determined in the political system of a country. Language plays the most important role in enabling and facilitating representation. Words and phrases like â€Å"like†, â€Å"as†, â€Å"similar to†, â€Å"just as†, â€Å"exactly†, â€Å"alike†, â€Å"compared to†, â€Å"for example† are all vital for the language’s role as an enabler of representation. We use the word â€Å"like† to refer to one thing to convey the meaning of another. Likewise, in everyday language, we frequently give examples to convey the true sense of a thing as we want the other person to understand. Examples are used to help an individual understand a new concept from the one he/she is already familiar with. People tend to idealize others that act, serve or behave in a particular way that they themselves want to, but are not equipped with the required abilities. Parents serve as an example for their children. Children are not sure what is right or wrong. So they follow the

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Against Hitler

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Against Hitler Dietrich Bonhoeffer is remembered for many things. He was a highly influential theologian and preacher. His importance as a theologian has only increased since his death. However, he is also remembered for his opposition against Nazi Germany. For the purposes of this paper, I look at three aspects of Bonhoeffers involvement. First, I examine his statements against Hitler and the extent to which he sought to make his opinions known. Second, I consider his involvement in conspiracies to eliminate Hitler. Lastly, I examine Bonhoeffers reflections on his actions, which he wrote while in prison. Although Bonhoeffers actions may raise many questions of morality and ethics, there is no doubt that he played a significant role within the opposition of Nazi Germany. When many people study the Holocaust, they fault Christians for remaining silent as Hitler performed one horrific act after another. Many would say that silence was just as horrible as killing the victims. Bonhoeffer cannot be faulted for this. Rather, he proved to be very outspoken. One of his most popular speeches was that on a German radio show. He was to speak on The Younger Generations Altered View of the Concept of Fuhrer in the Berlin Potsdamerstrasse Voxhaus (broadcasting house). Dietrich was not hesitant to express how he felt about the Fuhrer principle. This speech was given on February 1, 1933, and Hitler had just risen to power days prior. Much of Bonhoeffers words addressed the notion that the youth had been led astray concerning their concept of the Fuhrer. His boldest statement was said toward the end of the broadcast. However, once broadcasters realized that these words should not be heard by others, he was turned off. This was proof that Joseph Goebbels (the Nazi min ister of propaganda) had most likely gained the control of the radio station. Bonhoeffer stated that his speech was carefully planned to fit the allotted time. His final sentences read, should the leader surrender to the wishes of his followers, who would always make him their idol- then the image of the Leader will gradually become the image of the misleaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Leaders or offices which set themselves up as gods mock God (Bethge, pg. 260). His entire speech was later copied and distributed. Bonhoeffer felt that the Fuhrer principle was nothing short of idolatry. Therefore, he was implying that Hitler demanded his people to worship him. This was contempt. This proved to be one of Dietrich Bonhoeffers first outbursts on Hitler. However, there were many others of the sort. There is an account in which Bishop Bell gives that he speaks of Bonhoeffer being very outspoken against Germany. Bell recalls sitting with him amongst others at a friends home in Geneva. Dietrich is approached with the question about what he is praying for. He responds with very harsh statements. If you want to know the truth, I pray for the defeat of my nation, for I believe that is the only way to pay for all the suffering which my country has caused in the world (Bosanquet, pg. 229). He was much convicted about the acts of injustice in which Hitler was repeatedly performing. Bonhoeffer knew that the annihilation of the Jews was wrong, and he was not ashamed to let others know his beliefs. Bell gives an account of a later statement that Bonhoeffer made, If we claim to be Christians there is no room for expediency. Hitler is Antichrist; therefore we must go on with our work and eliminate him, whether he be successful or not (Bosanquet, pg. 229). He felt that it was necessary for him to aid in the elimination of the Fuhrer. Next, I study Bonhoeffers involvement in the conspiracy to kill Hitler. He participated in the Abwehr, which was the military counter intelligence. Within this group was also his brother-in-law, Hans von Dohnanyi. It is said that Dohnanyi was directly involved in the plot to assassinate Hitler. However, Bonhoeffer had somewhat of a different role. It was his duty to contact other countries to gain their support if the assassination were to prove successful. He spent much time traveling, making others aware of the resistance movement. He felt that it was important to know that they had allies assuming that the German government was taken over. Upon visiting Geneva, he attempted to convince them of this, What they needed, Dietrich explained, was a signal from the Allies that once the Nazis were overthrown, the Allies were prepared to recognize a new German government (Raum, pg. 126). This was clearly a well thought out plan. Dietrich traveled to Norway, Italy, as well as Switzerland to gain the support of Bishop Bell. He also attempted to make connections with other German resistance groups, but difficulties arose. A very important assassination attempt took place on March 7, 1943. Hitler was traveling to East Prussia by way of plane. A gift disguised as a box of Brandy was given to him. However, it was a bomb. The bomb was sneaked onto the plane, but it never ignited. Involved in this attempt were members of the Abwehr. This included General Oster, Admiral Canaris, Dohnanyi, Fabian von Schlabrendorff, and General Henning von Tresckow (Raum, pg. 132). Due to the failed attempt, the Abwehr decided to try again. They developed another strategy to kill Hitler. Hitler was originally scheduled to attend a ceremony at an army museum on March 16, 1943, however he rescheduled for March 21st. Colonel von Gersdorff was supposed to get the bomb into Hitlers presence without causing much commotion, even if this meant killing himself in the process. Needless to say, this attempt failed as well. Fortunately, they were not caught in the attempt to execute the assassination. Bonhoeffer was at home with his family during this attempt; however he was expecting a phone call announcing Hitlers assassination, and was disappointed to hear of the failed endeavor. There was in fact a third attempt to kill Hitler, but Bonhoeffer had already been arrested. He was arrested in 1943 in connection with the assassination attempt on Hitler (Scott and Cavanaugh, pg. 139). However, since the Abwehr was a secret group, many of the documents were hidden or destroyed. As a result, there was limited evidence. Much of the evidence used to arrest Bonhoeffer was his connection to Operation 7. The operation was designed to help to free several Jews. The Abwehr was attempting to help the Jews to Switzerland. The fact that Bonhoeffer was involved in several attempts to kill Hitler raises many questions. Due to the fact that Dietrich considered himself a devout member of the Confessing Church makes one question how his beliefs would support such an act. However, Dietrich does not express any conviction about his involvement in the multiple plots to murder Hitler. Bonhoeffer clearly felt that the assassination of Hitler was the last resort. Hitlers actions were proving to gain momentum and were spinning out of control. Therefore Dietrich felt that it was necessary to take action. Through the reading of his writings leading up to his death, he does not seem to be living in fear. He almost appears to be welcoming death. In the first sentence of a writing titled Death, he states Come now thou greatest of feasts on the journey to freedom eternal (Bosanquet, pg. 265). As one can see, Bonhoeffer appears to be at great peace with his fate. Many within the prison commented that Bonhoeffer seemed to be very lively and almost happy. Others would argue that this was due to the fact that the Soviets were closing in and that the prisoners were anticipating liberation. However, fellow prisoners describe it as an inner joy that he experienced. This joy Bonhoeffer desired to share with others. During his imprisonment at Tegel while awaiting trial, many descri be Bonhoeffer as victorious. Bonhoeffer experienced a change of heart. As a result, he no longer viewed his own sufferings within prison as something of which he should be concerned. Rather he stated, we throw ourselves completely into the arms of God, taking seriously not our own sufferings, but the sufferings of God in the world (Bosanquet, pg. 271). Bonhoeffer viewed the acts of injustice as not only actions taken against innocent victims, he saw them as actually taking unjust actions toward God. It appears as if Dietrich did not view his involvement in the Abwehr as wrong. Through his writings in prison and the comments of others, he had a clear conscience and eagerly awaited his arrival in Heaven. In conclusion, Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a very influential person during the World War II and especially in opposition to the Nazi Regime. As one can see in his radio broadcast, from the beginning he was very outspoken against Hitler and the Fuhrer principle. He was very bold in comparing this principle to the mockery of God. He played a very active role in the military counter intelligence (Abwehr). Bonhoeffer never hesitated in completing his assignments to gain support of the actions to overthrow the German government. Many would agree that Dietrich Bonhoeffer was very confident that his actions against Hitler were not wrong. Rather, he felt that they were his duty as a result of a conviction to do the right thing. His statements on death and also his inner joy as a result of a relationship with God greatly support this claim.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Against Hitler

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Against Hitler Dietrich Bonhoeffer is remembered for many things. He was a highly influential theologian and preacher. His importance as a theologian has only increased since his death. However, he is also remembered for his opposition against Nazi Germany. For the purposes of this paper, I look at three aspects of Bonhoeffers involvement. First, I examine his statements against Hitler and the extent to which he sought to make his opinions known. Second, I consider his involvement in conspiracies to eliminate Hitler. Lastly, I examine Bonhoeffers reflections on his actions, which he wrote while in prison. Although Bonhoeffers actions may raise many questions of morality and ethics, there is no doubt that he played a significant role within the opposition of Nazi Germany. When many people study the Holocaust, they fault Christians for remaining silent as Hitler performed one horrific act after another. Many would say that silence was just as horrible as killing the victims. Bonhoeffer cannot be faulted for this. Rather, he proved to be very outspoken. One of his most popular speeches was that on a German radio show. He was to speak on The Younger Generations Altered View of the Concept of Fuhrer in the Berlin Potsdamerstrasse Voxhaus (broadcasting house). Dietrich was not hesitant to express how he felt about the Fuhrer principle. This speech was given on February 1, 1933, and Hitler had just risen to power days prior. Much of Bonhoeffers words addressed the notion that the youth had been led astray concerning their concept of the Fuhrer. His boldest statement was said toward the end of the broadcast. However, once broadcasters realized that these words should not be heard by others, he was turned off. This was proof that Joseph Goebbels (the Nazi min ister of propaganda) had most likely gained the control of the radio station. Bonhoeffer stated that his speech was carefully planned to fit the allotted time. His final sentences read, should the leader surrender to the wishes of his followers, who would always make him their idol- then the image of the Leader will gradually become the image of the misleaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Leaders or offices which set themselves up as gods mock God (Bethge, pg. 260). His entire speech was later copied and distributed. Bonhoeffer felt that the Fuhrer principle was nothing short of idolatry. Therefore, he was implying that Hitler demanded his people to worship him. This was contempt. This proved to be one of Dietrich Bonhoeffers first outbursts on Hitler. However, there were many others of the sort. There is an account in which Bishop Bell gives that he speaks of Bonhoeffer being very outspoken against Germany. Bell recalls sitting with him amongst others at a friends home in Geneva. Dietrich is approached with the question about what he is praying for. He responds with very harsh statements. If you want to know the truth, I pray for the defeat of my nation, for I believe that is the only way to pay for all the suffering which my country has caused in the world (Bosanquet, pg. 229). He was much convicted about the acts of injustice in which Hitler was repeatedly performing. Bonhoeffer knew that the annihilation of the Jews was wrong, and he was not ashamed to let others know his beliefs. Bell gives an account of a later statement that Bonhoeffer made, If we claim to be Christians there is no room for expediency. Hitler is Antichrist; therefore we must go on with our work and eliminate him, whether he be successful or not (Bosanquet, pg. 229). He felt that it was necessary for him to aid in the elimination of the Fuhrer. Next, I study Bonhoeffers involvement in the conspiracy to kill Hitler. He participated in the Abwehr, which was the military counter intelligence. Within this group was also his brother-in-law, Hans von Dohnanyi. It is said that Dohnanyi was directly involved in the plot to assassinate Hitler. However, Bonhoeffer had somewhat of a different role. It was his duty to contact other countries to gain their support if the assassination were to prove successful. He spent much time traveling, making others aware of the resistance movement. He felt that it was important to know that they had allies assuming that the German government was taken over. Upon visiting Geneva, he attempted to convince them of this, What they needed, Dietrich explained, was a signal from the Allies that once the Nazis were overthrown, the Allies were prepared to recognize a new German government (Raum, pg. 126). This was clearly a well thought out plan. Dietrich traveled to Norway, Italy, as well as Switzerland to gain the support of Bishop Bell. He also attempted to make connections with other German resistance groups, but difficulties arose. A very important assassination attempt took place on March 7, 1943. Hitler was traveling to East Prussia by way of plane. A gift disguised as a box of Brandy was given to him. However, it was a bomb. The bomb was sneaked onto the plane, but it never ignited. Involved in this attempt were members of the Abwehr. This included General Oster, Admiral Canaris, Dohnanyi, Fabian von Schlabrendorff, and General Henning von Tresckow (Raum, pg. 132). Due to the failed attempt, the Abwehr decided to try again. They developed another strategy to kill Hitler. Hitler was originally scheduled to attend a ceremony at an army museum on March 16, 1943, however he rescheduled for March 21st. Colonel von Gersdorff was supposed to get the bomb into Hitlers presence without causing much commotion, even if this meant killing himself in the process. Needless to say, this attempt failed as well. Fortunately, they were not caught in the attempt to execute the assassination. Bonhoeffer was at home with his family during this attempt; however he was expecting a phone call announcing Hitlers assassination, and was disappointed to hear of the failed endeavor. There was in fact a third attempt to kill Hitler, but Bonhoeffer had already been arrested. He was arrested in 1943 in connection with the assassination attempt on Hitler (Scott and Cavanaugh, pg. 139). However, since the Abwehr was a secret group, many of the documents were hidden or destroyed. As a result, there was limited evidence. Much of the evidence used to arrest Bonhoeffer was his connection to Operation 7. The operation was designed to help to free several Jews. The Abwehr was attempting to help the Jews to Switzerland. The fact that Bonhoeffer was involved in several attempts to kill Hitler raises many questions. Due to the fact that Dietrich considered himself a devout member of the Confessing Church makes one question how his beliefs would support such an act. However, Dietrich does not express any conviction about his involvement in the multiple plots to murder Hitler. Bonhoeffer clearly felt that the assassination of Hitler was the last resort. Hitlers actions were proving to gain momentum and were spinning out of control. Therefore Dietrich felt that it was necessary to take action. Through the reading of his writings leading up to his death, he does not seem to be living in fear. He almost appears to be welcoming death. In the first sentence of a writing titled Death, he states Come now thou greatest of feasts on the journey to freedom eternal (Bosanquet, pg. 265). As one can see, Bonhoeffer appears to be at great peace with his fate. Many within the prison commented that Bonhoeffer seemed to be very lively and almost happy. Others would argue that this was due to the fact that the Soviets were closing in and that the prisoners were anticipating liberation. However, fellow prisoners describe it as an inner joy that he experienced. This joy Bonhoeffer desired to share with others. During his imprisonment at Tegel while awaiting trial, many descri be Bonhoeffer as victorious. Bonhoeffer experienced a change of heart. As a result, he no longer viewed his own sufferings within prison as something of which he should be concerned. Rather he stated, we throw ourselves completely into the arms of God, taking seriously not our own sufferings, but the sufferings of God in the world (Bosanquet, pg. 271). Bonhoeffer viewed the acts of injustice as not only actions taken against innocent victims, he saw them as actually taking unjust actions toward God. It appears as if Dietrich did not view his involvement in the Abwehr as wrong. Through his writings in prison and the comments of others, he had a clear conscience and eagerly awaited his arrival in Heaven. In conclusion, Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a very influential person during the World War II and especially in opposition to the Nazi Regime. As one can see in his radio broadcast, from the beginning he was very outspoken against Hitler and the Fuhrer principle. He was very bold in comparing this principle to the mockery of God. He played a very active role in the military counter intelligence (Abwehr). Bonhoeffer never hesitated in completing his assignments to gain support of the actions to overthrow the German government. Many would agree that Dietrich Bonhoeffer was very confident that his actions against Hitler were not wrong. Rather, he felt that they were his duty as a result of a conviction to do the right thing. His statements on death and also his inner joy as a result of a relationship with God greatly support this claim.

Essay --

To: Dr. Rick Wilson, Director of International Market Assessment From: Cierra Smith Date: March 11, 2014 Subject: HW #2: The Fostering of a More Favorable FDI Environment Overview Whether it be for the purpose of liberalization, promotion for a favorable environment, or some other associated motive, reports have recognized annual global increases in countries partaking in activities related to foreign direct investment. Indeed, there have been particular increases in investment policies, regulations and restrictions, in developed, developing, and transition economies respectively. In this manner, countries are able to maximize the positives and minimize the negatives for a more fostered regulatory environment. Although regulatory environments can be typically rewarding, there lies risk for the less favorable concept of investment protectionism. Investment Trends Overall, analysts have noticed a dramatic increase in the adoption of various investment trends, predominantly policies involving the liberalization and privatization for the sake of services, investment promotion and facilitation, and domestic and foreign investments. With regards to liberalization and privatization, China raised foreign investment ownership by 16 percent. Similarly, India raised foreign investment ownership by a staggering 25%, and in addition, liberalized several industries comprising of FDI. Correspondingly, European and Asian regions have reportedly sought out the trend of industrial promotion and facilitation measures for the purpose of magnetizing foreign investors and promoting investment. For example, China simplified procedures regarding capital flows and currency exchange quotas for foreign firms, and Pakistan sanctioned acts promoting the z... ...of these investment restrictions. In an attempt to avoid such casualty, there lies a proposition for a more defined implication of â€Å"investment protectionism† and its measures involved. One might suggest a possible addition onto the current investment publications and reports, or rather technical assistance promoting a sizable amount of regulation with regards to FDI policies (in addition to general investment restrictions). Additionally, UNCTAD’s Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development (IPFSD), consisting of investment policymaking principles, national investment guidelines, as well as design options, has the capability to function as a reference. Taking such action, as well as using such resources can foster a more hospitable investment environment, whilst still taking into account the government’s Utilitarianism intents. Cierra Hofstra Student